Type of test Blood

 Normal findings

 FDP: < 10 mcg/mL or < 10 mg/L (SI units)

FPA

Male: 0.4-2.6 mg/mL

Female: 0.7-3.1 mg/Ml

 F1+2: 7.4-103 mcg/L or 0.2-2.8 nmol/L

Possible critical values

 FDP: > 40 mcg/mL

 Test explanation and related physiology

Identification of FDPs, FPA, and F1 + 2 is mostly used to document that fibrin clot formation and therefore thrombosis is occurring in patients. These tests support the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The D-dimer test is more commonly used to identify DIC or other forms of thrombosis. These tests also provide an indication of the effectiveness of anticoagulation therapy. Finally, they are used to support the diagnosis and follow treatment for hypercoagulable states.

F1 + 2 is liberated when prothrombin is converted to thrombin in reaction 4 of secondary hemostasis. FPA is released into the bloodstream from alpha and beta chains of fibrinogen during its conversion to fibrin.

Measurement of FDPs is an indicator of the activity of the fibrinolytic system. Whenever a fibrin clot or primarily fibrinogen degenerates, fragment monomers called FDPs (X, D, E, and Y) result. These, therefore, are indirect evidence of thrombosis and/or DIC. FDPs also are increased with other secondary fibrinolytic disorders. Thrombolytic therapy used to treat vascular thrombosis is associated with increased FDPs. Streptokinase or urokinase stimulates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin.

These products of hemostasis and fibrinolysis also may be elevated in patients with extensive malignancy, tissue necrosis, trauma surgery, or gram-negative sepsis.

Interfering factors

 • Traumatic venipunctures may increase FPA levels.

• Surgery or massive trauma is associated with increased levels.

• Menstruation may be associated with increased FDP levels.

* Drugs that may cause increased levels include barbiturates, streptokinase, and urokinase.

* Drugs that may cause decreased levels include warfarin and other oral anticoagulants.

Procedure and patient care

 • See inside front cover for Routine Blood Testing.

• Fasting: no

 • Blood tube commonly used: verify with laboratory

• Avoid prolonged use of a tourniquet.

• Draw the sample before initiating heparin therapy.

• Avoid excessive agitation of the blood sample.

 Abnormal findings

 Increased levels

- DIC

- Heart or vascular surgery

- Thromboembolism

- Thrombosis

-Advanced malignancy

- Severe inflammation

- Postoperative states

- Massive trauma

- Deficiency in proteins S and C

- Antithrombin III deficiency

Decreased levels

- Anticoagulation therapy

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

مستشفى الكفيل يدخل قائمة الاعتماد الدولية بجودة الخدمة وسلامة المرضى

جامعة العميد تقيم ورشة عمل تدريبية في مجال التعليم الطبي الحديث

سماحة السيد الصافي يدعو إلى الاستمرار في تحقيق تراث العلماء الأعلام وتسليط الضوء على فكرهم

شعبة الخطابة الحسينية تختتم الموسم الثامن من مشروع الدورات الصيفية في كربلاء

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

الأطعمة الحارة.. "سر صغير" يغير صحة قلبك وعقلك

وباء صامت.. الملايين حول العالم مصابون بالسكري دون أن يعلموا !

لماذا ينصح بتناول تفاحة يوميا؟

8 فواكه طبيعية تمنحك نوما هنيئا.. وتخلصك من الأرق

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

ثلاث علامات على وجود مشاكل خطيرة في محرك السيارة ؟

ماذا نعرف عن اللقاح الروسي ضد السرطان؟

مركبة فضاء تعثر على دليل عن وجود حياة قديمة على المريخ

لتدريب الذكاء الاصطناعي.. الصين تخطط لإنشاء شبكة حوسبة موحدة

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, Thyrotropin, TRH stimulation test)

thyroglobulin (Tg, Thyrogen-stimulated thyroglobulin)

Laboratory Investigations of Growth Hormone

Growth Hormone Deficiency

Laboratory Diagnosis of Thrombophilia

thromboelastography (Thromboelastometry)

throat and nose cultures

testosterone (Dihydrotestosterone [DHT])

Biomarkers of Stroke

Soluble IL-33 Receptor (sST2)

syphilis detection test (Serologic test for syphilis [STS], Venereal Disease Research Laboratory [VDRL], Rapid plasma reagin [RPR], Fluorescent treponemal antibody test [FTA])

sweat test (Sweat electrolyte test, Sweat chloride test, Sweat conductivity test, Iontophoretic sweat test)