Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Simple
Future
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Passive and Active
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
Verbal nouns
Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
Common nouns
Collective nouns
Definition Of Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
Finite and nonfinite verbs
To be verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Auxiliary verbs
Modal verbs
Regular and irregular verbs
Action verbs
Adverbs
Relative adverbs
Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of place
Adverbs of reason
Adverbs of quantity
Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of affirmation
Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
Proper adjective
Possessive adjective
Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
Distributive adjective
Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
Interjections
Express calling interjection
Grammar Rules
Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Linguistics
Phonetics
Phonology
Semantics
Pragmatics
Linguistics fields
Syntax
Morphology
Semantics
pragmatics
History
Writing
Grammar
Phonetics and Phonology
Reading Comprehension
Elementary
Intermediate
Advanced
Non-US Varieties
المؤلف:
Mehmet Yavas̡
المصدر:
Applied English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
P88-C4
2025-03-07
77
Non-US Varieties
In addition to the differences we observed within the United States, the non-US varieties show significant variations. Tables 1 to 4 show the differences between American English and some other Englishes.
The tables are intended to provide some basics regarding the vowel (and diphthong) variations among several varieties of English. However, they are neither comprehensive descriptions of all varieties of English, nor do they pretend to give the details of variations within a single variety.
It should also be remembered that the symbols in tables 1 to 4 are abstract in that the use of the same symbol for a sound in two or more varieties does not mean the sound is identical in different varieties. For example, when we consider AmE, CnE, RP, ScE, IrE, and WeE, we see that all have the same symbol /e/ for a word such as hate [het]. This may give the impression that the phonetic qualities are identical in all varieties. This is definitely not the case. While the vowel is definitely diphthongal in RP, its degree of diphthongization is very slight in AmE, or basically monophthongal in ScE, IrE, and WeE. The vowel /o/ is another case where the same symbol is used for different qualities; in AmE, this sound is often diphthongal, whereas in ScE, IrE, and WeE, it is monophthongal. Besides these monophthongal/diphthongal differences, there may be other variations. For example, although we use the same symbols /ε/, /æ/, and /Λ/ for the words pet [pεt], sat [sæt], and bus [bΛs], respectively, in AmE and in RP we realize that these sounds are different in the two varieties. While the first two have higher tongue position in RP than in AmE, the situation is the reverse for /Λ/, that is, it has higher tongue position in AmE than RP.
جاهزية الاستعداد لشهر رمضان
إستعراض موجز لحياة السيدة زينب الكبرى
أم البنين .. صانعة الوفاء وراعية الفضيلة
