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هدف البحث

بحث في العناوين

بحث في المحتوى

بحث في اسماء الكتب

بحث في اسماء المؤلفين

اختر القسم

القرآن الكريم
الفقه واصوله
العقائد الاسلامية
سيرة الرسول وآله
علم الرجال والحديث
الأخلاق والأدعية
اللغة العربية وعلومها
الأدب العربي
الأسرة والمجتمع
التاريخ
الجغرافية
الادارة والاقتصاد
القانون
الزراعة
علم الفيزياء
علم الكيمياء
علم الأحياء
الرياضيات
الهندسة المدنية
الأعلام
اللغة الأنكليزية

موافق

Grammar

Tenses

Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Past

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

Past Simple

Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous

Passive and Active

Parts Of Speech

Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective

Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pre Position

Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition

Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

Interjections

Express calling interjection

Grammar Rules

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Semantics

Pragmatics

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

literature

Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced

Prosodic features

المؤلف:  Sandra Clarke

المصدر:  A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology

الجزء والصفحة:  380-21

2024-03-30

155

Prosodic features

Little research has been conducted into the prosodic aspects of NfldE. A popular observation, however, is that Newfoundlanders “talk fast”, and many traditional and vernacular speakers exhibit a tendency towards allegro speech. This results in a high rate of application of such phonological processes as segment deletion and assimilation. For example, there is considerable elision of unstressed vowels: items like electric, expect, according, away are regularly articulated without initial vowel. Likewise, the (unstressed) vowel of it is often deleted before auxiliary and copula verbs, resulting in such old-fashioned realizations as ‘twill for it will, ‘twas for it was, and ‘tis rather than it’s. Apheresis is also common in initial unstressed syllables; thus before is often pronounced as ‘fore, and instead, as ‘stead. In conservative NfldE, particularly in generations past, the vowel of the definite article the (in which th- was typically pronounced as a stop) was often elided before a vowel, resulting in such sequences as d’en’ for the end. In addition, there is a rhythmic tendency towards open syllables, as in the pronunciation of at all as a # tall, with aspirated [t].

 

Intonation patterns associated with conservative and vernacular NfldE have yet to be described in any detail. Distinctive “Irish” vs. “English” patterns appear to exist, both of which differ from those encountered in much of mainland Canada. As to stress, traditional speakers in Irish-settled areas of the province display a now recessive tendency towards Irish-like non-initial syllable stress in words like inteRESTed, separATE, and appreciATE.

 

One distinctive feature of NfldE – a feature shared with varieties spoken in Canada’s Maritime provinces, and to a much smaller degree parts of New England – is the use of the ingressively articulated discourse particles yeah, mm and no. Ingressives are more typical of women’s than men’s speech, and appear to be somewhat less frequent among younger generations. In contemporary NfldE, they are found among speakers of all social levels.