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The Canadian pattern for foreign (a) words
المؤلف:
Charles Boberg
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
358-20
2024-03-27
1646
+
-
20
The Canadian pattern for foreign (a) words
The phonological adaptation or nativization of loan words can be a source of variation in any language. In English, one of the most remarkable examples of this variation concerns the nativization of foreign words containing the letter <a>, usually representing a low-central vowel quality in the source language, e.g. falafel, karate, llama, macho, nirvana, pasta, plaza, souvlaki, taco, etc. Such words are usually nativized with either /æ/ (TRAP) or /a:/ (PALM) as their stressed vowel, but each major national variety of English has developed its own pattern of assignment. British English tends to use /æ/, except where spelling and other factors conspire to suggest that the syllable should be treated as open, in which case /a:/ must occur, given the restriction on /æ/ in stressed open syllables. Thus pasta has /æ/, while llama has /a:/. American English, by contrast, prefers to use /a:/: both pasta and llama have /a:/ (which is not distinct from /ɒ/ [LOT] in most American dialects). The traditional Canadian pattern, however, is to use /æ/ in almost all foreign (a) words, even when both British and American English agree on /a:/. The only regular exception to this is in final stressed open syllables (bra, eclat, faux pas, foie gras, spa, etc.), where /æ/ cannot appear. While many younger Canadians are beginning to follow the American pattern in some instances (relatively few young people still use /æ/ in macho or taco), most Canadians retain /æ/ in both pasta and llama, and even in older loan words like drama, garage, and Slavic, where it may sound odd to speakers of other varieties (Boberg 2000).
الاكثر قراءة في Phonology
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
