Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Simple
Future
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Passive and Active
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
Verbal nouns
Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
Common nouns
Collective nouns
Definition Of Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
Finite and nonfinite verbs
To be verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Auxiliary verbs
Modal verbs
Regular and irregular verbs
Action verbs
Adverbs
Relative adverbs
Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of place
Adverbs of reason
Adverbs of quantity
Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of affirmation
Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
Proper adjective
Possessive adjective
Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
Distributive adjective
Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
Interjections
Express calling interjection
Grammar Rules
Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Linguistics
Phonetics
Phonology
Semantics
Pragmatics
Linguistics fields
Syntax
Morphology
Semantics
pragmatics
History
Writing
Grammar
Phonetics and Phonology
Reading Comprehension
Elementary
Intermediate
Advanced
taxonomic (adj.)
المؤلف:
David Crystal
المصدر:
A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics
الجزء والصفحة:
478-20
2023-11-27
623
taxonomic (adj.)
An application of the general sense of this term in biosystematics, to refer to an approach to LINGUISTIC analysis and DESCRIPTION which is predominantly or exclusively concerned with CLASSIFICATION. The basis of classification may be DIACHRONIC, AREAL, TYPOLOGICAL, FUNCTIONAL, etc., and the entities being classified may be linguistic FEATURES, ITEMS, UNITS, STRUCTURES – or whole VARIETIES, DIALECTS or LANGUAGES. The notion of taxonomy has been fruitfully applied in many areas of linguistics (SOCIOLINGUISTICS, HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS, SEMANTICS and COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS in particular). The limitations of a taxonomic approach in linguistic analysis have, however, been emphasized by GENERATIVE linguists, who have criticized the overreliance of STRUCTURALIST (or ‘taxonomic’) linguistics on PROCEDURES of SEGMENTATION and classification. In particular, the use of this label is intended to indicate the inability of structural linguistics to provide a level of explanation in terms of DEEP STRUCTURE. Such phrases as ‘taxonomic PHONOLOGY’, ‘taxonomic SYNTAX’, etc., when used in generative linguistics, invariably have a pejorative implication.
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