Grammar
Tenses
Present
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Definition Of Nouns
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Pronouns
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Pre Position
Preposition by function
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Possession preposition
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Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
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Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
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Double preposition
Compound preposition
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Subordinating conjunction
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Express calling interjection
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wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
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Possession
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Forming questions
Since and for
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Adverbials
invitation
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substantive (n.)
المؤلف:
David Crystal
المصدر:
A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics
الجزء والصفحة:
463-19
2023-11-23
830
substantive (n.)
A term used in LINGUISTIC theory to refer to a category of linguistic UNIVERSAL; opposed to FORMAL. Substantive (or substantival) universals are the PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS which a GRAMMAR establishes in order to analyze linguistic DATA, e.g. S, NP, VP, [+human], [+high] in GENERATIVE grammar, or SUBJECT, VERB, OBJECT, etc., in RELATIONAL MODELS.
In some DESCRIPTIVE grammars, substantive is a term used in the CLASSIFICATION of WORDS, referring to the class of NOUNS (traditionally defined as ‘substances’, i.e. names of persons, places, things, etc.), and also to those ITEMS which function as nouns, though lacking some of the formal characteristics of that class (cf. the ‘substantival function’ of ADJECTIVES, in the poor, the rich, etc.). The set of PRONOUNS may also be included in this class.
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