filter (n./v.)

A process first recognized in the STANDARD THEORY of GENERATIVE GRAMMAR, whereby in a DERIVATION only certain BASE PHRASE-MARKERS are transformed into SURFACE STRUCTURES, others being ‘filtered out’ by the application of various CONSTRAINTS (specified, for example, by the non-lexical TRANSFORMATIONS). It assumes a more central role in GOVERNMENT-BINDING THEORY, where it refers to a type of CONDITION which prevents the generation of UNGRAMMATICAL SENTENCES. Filters state simply that any structure of type X is ILL FORMED. They are also known as ‘OUTPUT constraints’ or ‘surface-structure constraints’. For example, a ‘FOR–FOR filter’ has been proposed, which states that any surface structure containing the sequence for–for is ungrammatical; this thereby excludes the generation of sentences in which VERBS like hope for are used along with their for+INFINITIVE COMPLEMENTS (cf. What she is hoping for is for John to win), as in the ungrammatical *She is hoping for for John to win.

It is important to distinguish ‘filters’ from ‘constraints’: the former apply solely to the structure which is the output of a given set of RULES; the latter apply to two successive stages within a derivation. Filters are claimed to be more general, more UNIVERSAL and more constraining on theory construction than the constraints which restrict the application of specific rules: a filter BLOCKS the generation of a sentence (S), regardless of the set of rules which have applied in generating that sentence, whereas a constraint blocks the application of a specific set of rules to produce S (thus allowing the possibility that S might none the less be generated by the application of other sets of rules).

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

شعبة الخطابة الحسينية النسوية تحيي ذكرى شهادة الإمام الهادي (عليه السلام)

تكريم الباحثين والمساهمين المشاركين في ندوة اليوم العالمي للّغة العربية

ندوة اللغة العربية تشهد إقامة جلسة بحثية تسلط الضوء على دورها في العلوم الشرعية والفكرية

جمعية العميد: اللغة العربية مفتاح فهم القرآن الكريم وأحاديث أهل البيت (عليهم السلام)

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

كنز غذائي على طبقك.. ماذا تفعل السبانخ بجسمك؟

ما لا يتوقعه أحد.. "سر غذائي" في الجبن الدسم

لتحسين الهضم والنوم.. هذا أفضل وقت لتناول العشاء

10 طرق بسيطة وغير مألوفة لحرق المزيد من السعرات يوميا

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

سابقة بعالم الطيران.. طائرة تقرر الهبوط بنفسها بعد ظرف طارئ

"الإنفلونزا الخارقة" تكتسح دول العالم.. وتثير قلقا كبيرا

مرحلة ما قبل الأعراض.. دواء جديد يستهدف "شرارة" الزهايمر

إزالة ثاني أكسيد الكربون من الغلاف الجوي.. ما دور المحيطات والبحار؟

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

Zero-anaphora (“pro-drop”)

Annotated Phrase Structure trees

Word-level (lexical) categories

Syntax and speech

Word Order- Classifiers and phrasal dependents in DP

Word order- Suffixal Pl and Art

Syntax Word order and restrictive vs. nonrestrictive modification

Syntax

Language Mixture—Grammar

Change in grammar and pronunciation

Word order

Grammaticalization.