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filter (n./v.)
المؤلف:
David Crystal
المصدر:
A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics
الجزء والصفحة:
189-6
2023-08-31
1075
+
-
20
filter (n./v.)
A process first recognized in the STANDARD THEORY of GENERATIVE GRAMMAR, whereby in a DERIVATION only certain BASE PHRASE-MARKERS are transformed into SURFACE STRUCTURES, others being ‘filtered out’ by the application of various CONSTRAINTS (specified, for example, by the non-lexical TRANSFORMATIONS). It assumes a more central role in GOVERNMENT-BINDING THEORY, where it refers to a type of CONDITION which prevents the generation of UNGRAMMATICAL SENTENCES. Filters state simply that any structure of type X is ILL FORMED. They are also known as ‘OUTPUT constraints’ or ‘surface-structure constraints’. For example, a ‘FOR–FOR filter’ has been proposed, which states that any surface structure containing the sequence for–for is ungrammatical; this thereby excludes the generation of sentences in which VERBS like hope for are used along with their for+INFINITIVE COMPLEMENTS (cf. What she is hoping for is for John to win), as in the ungrammatical *She is hoping for for John to win.
It is important to distinguish ‘filters’ from ‘constraints’: the former apply solely to the structure which is the output of a given set of RULES; the latter apply to two successive stages within a derivation. Filters are claimed to be more general, more UNIVERSAL and more constraining on theory construction than the constraints which restrict the application of specific rules: a filter BLOCKS the generation of a sentence (S), regardless of the set of rules which have applied in generating that sentence, whereas a constraint blocks the application of a specific set of rules to produce S (thus allowing the possibility that S might none the less be generated by the application of other sets of rules).
الاكثر قراءة في Syntax
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر مجموعة قصصية بعنوان (قلوب بلا مأوى)
